Obesity †case study and health promotion paper Essay

Weight has arrived at worldwide scourge extents, and has become a significant medical issue of out society. As indicated by Peeters et al. (2007), 32% or 60 million individuals are currently corpulent in the United States. The condition creates because of the collaboration between hereditary qualities, essays way of life conduct, and social and natural impacts. Fat collects when more vitality is devoured than used. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) has received a grouping arrangement of weight record (BMI). BMI, the aberrant proportion of muscle to fat ratio, recognizes the overweight and hefty people. A BMI of 25-29 kg/m2 is viewed as overweight, 30-34 kg/m2 is mellow stoutness, 35-39 kg/m2 is moderate corpulence, or more 40 kg/m2 is extraordinary weight (Palamara, Mogul, Peterson, Frishman, 2006). Heftiness creates because of high-fat, high starch diet combined with a decrease in physical action. Current day to day environments, dietary patterns, and nature of food lead to over-utilization of modest, very measured bits. More vehicles, streets, and drive-through eateries at each corner, just as fast, prepared to eat microwavable meals stacked with fat, salt, and basic sugars are simpler and regularly more affordable than nutritious, quality food items. Besides, the innovation has caused people to depend on mechanical gadgets. The robotized developments intended to make life simpler, perform a great many undertakings that in the past required physical work. Because of inactive life and over-utilization, the unnecessary fat gathers in the body, and may have huge wellbeing results. Various research examines have uncovered that over the top weight gain expands the danger of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, coronary illness, stroke, osteoarthritis, and numerous types of malignancy. Specifically, stomach corpulence has been perceived as emphatically connected with the advancement of diabetes and cardiovascular ailments (Behn and Ur, 2006) (Chen et al., 2007) (Balkau et al., 2007) (Despres, 2007). Because of the risky wellbeing dangers of heftiness, it is viewed as a sickness that requires treatment (Palamara et al., 2006). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (n.d.) evaluated that clinical costs identified with weight cost $92.6 billion in the year 2002, and the condition causes 300,000 passings for each year. All things considered, anticipation of the various wellbeing results of heftiness is conceivable by weight decrease. Bardia, Holtan, Slezak and Thompson (2007) recommended that: â€Å"Even a little abatement in a patient’s weight would bring about better control of various ailments, upgrade personal satisfaction, incredibly improve a patient’s horribleness, and bring about lower medicinal services use and clinical costs†. Notwithstanding forestalling numerous illnesses, weight decrease can improve the effectively present issue. Research demonstrates that weight reduction of 4% to 8% is related with a diminishing of systolic and diastolic pulse by 3 mmHg (Mulrow et al., 1998). The fundamental weight diminishing mediations include: diet, work out, mental, social, pharmacotherapy, medical procedure, and elective treatments (Vlassov, 2001). Be that as it may, the drawn out adequacy of these mediations has not demonstrated powerful, as larger part of individuals recapture their weight in the wake of losing it (Biaggioni, 2008). Rules for weight decrease recommended by NHLBI include the accompanying: introductory decrease of 10% of body weight, low calorie diet (800-1500 kcal/d); 30% calories from fat, 15% calories from protein, and 55% calories from starches, day by day deficiency of 500-1000 kcal to lose one to two pounds for every week during a half year, long haul weight support, and physical movement for 30 to 45 minutes three to five days per week (Palamara et al., 2006). Medicinal services suppliers are confronted with the counteraction and the executives of a significant reason for bleakness and mortality for which compelling deep rooted mediations are frantically required. Contextual analysis Sway is a multi year old white male. With the exception of hypertension, he sees himself as sound. He has seen his family specialist three months back for customary circulatory strain check up, as he does like clockwork. Weave is hitched, has four pre-adult youngsters, and fills in as a car vendor for a long time. Past clinical history: hypertension, corpulence, hyperlipidemia Hypersensitivities: none to meds, latex, creatures, nourishments, or ecological Hospitalizations/medical procedures/wounds: tonsillectomy in adolescence Drugs: lisinopril 20mg orally day by day Family clinical history: mother and sibling with hypertension Social history: lives with spouse and kids, all steady of one another, manage everything well, drinks 2 glasses of bourbon socially on ends of the week, denies smoking or unlawful substance use Physical exercises: strolls on treadmill for twenty minutes more than once per week, at times plays volleyball with family on ends of the week Day by day admission designs: breakfast †four sandwiches with cheddar and ham; lunch †home made soup, cooked or seared hotdog; supper †serving of mixed greens, loads of potatoes, 2 bits of steak or meatloaf or chicken, salted vegetables; dinner †pasta with sauce or pizza; snacks †chips, treats, sweets, pretzels and organic products, all for the duration of the day; liquids †8 glasses of pop, squeeze, water or milk. Survey of frameworks: unremarkable, no bad things to say. Weight: 280 pounds, Height: 6’3†³, Waist perimeter: 52†³, BMI: 35kg/mâ ², BP: 150/90 mmHg Latest irregular research facility tests: absolute cholesterol †220, triglycerides †310 Every other outcome including glucose, blood check, BUN, creatinine, and liver chemicals were inside typical range. Bounce conceded that weight reduction has been probably the best test forâ him. His few past endeavors at weight decrease have been fruitless. He communicated eagerness and status to attempt once more, however was worried that he would not have the option to follow the arrangement long haul. Bob’s family was exceptionally steady, and ready to help with his weight reduction endeavors. To recognize the wellbeing dangers of heftiness, and to decide mediations to diminish those dangers, investigate articles were analyzed. The quest for important investigations was led utilizing OVID MEDLINE, PUB MED, CINAHL, and COCHRANE databases. Synopsis OF LITERATURE Dietary mediations structure the major component of the administration of corpulence. There is a wide assortment of potential eating regimens, however no agreement on which is the best for weight decrease. An audit by Noakes and Clifton (2004) looked at the impacts of a low sugar diet and a low fat eating regimen. In general, the investigations uncovered that an extremely low starch diet brought about altogether more weight reduction than low fat eating routine in the short to medium term. Then again, a respectably low starch diet brought about comparable weight reduction as a low fat eating regimen. In addition, the low and modestly low sugar consumes less calories have been found to all the more adequately decrease triglyceride, and increment high thickness lipoprotein (HDL) levels contrasted with low fat eating regimen. Once more, examination between the low sugar and low fat weight control plans was performed by Lecheminant et al. (2007). In a quazi-trial plan, 102 members were alloted either to a low sugar (LC) or a low fat (LF) gathering. The two gatherings followed an extremely low vitality diet and lost huge body weight (LC 20.4 kg, LF 19.1 kg) and midriff circuit. The contrasts between the two gatherings were not measurably critical. Notwithstanding the eating regimen, all members were engaged with lively strolling 300 minutes out of each week, and all were given pedometers to screen their advancement. Likewise, the two gatherings were similarly powerful at forestalling weight re-increase more than a half year, and the two gatherings were found to have a diminished circulatory strain because of weight reduction. Additionally, a methodical survey by Pirozzo, Summerbell, Cameron and Glasziou (2002) looked at the impacts of a low fat eating routine to low calorie diet and low sugar diet. Six randomized controlled preliminaries with an aggregate of 594 members were broke down over a time of six to eighteen months. By and large outcomes exhibited non-noteworthy contrasts in weight reduction, weight upkeep, serum lipids, and circulatory strain between all the eating regimens assessed. Additionally, a one year randomized preliminary by Dansinger, Gleason and Griffith (2005) analyzed Atkins, Zone, Weight Watchers, and Ornish eats less carbs. A solitary community randomized preliminary alloted 160 members among the four eating regimen gatherings. Following one year, all eating regimen bunches were found to have altogether decreased weight and midriff size, without huge contrasts between gatherings. Essentially to past examinations, low sugar abstains from food diminished triglycerides and diastolic circulatory strain, all with the exception of Ornish diet bunch expanded high thickness lipoprotein (HDL), and all aside from Atkins diet bunch decreased low thickness lipoprotein (LDL). Notwithstanding vitality limitation through the eating regimen, vitality use may improve weight reduction. In a meta-investigation by Shaw, Gennat, O’Rourke and Del Mar (2006), 41 randomized controlled clinical preliminaries were examined to decide the impacts of activity in overweight and hefty grown-ups. The various exercise intercessions included strolling, running, cycle ergometry, weight preparing, high impact exercise, treadmill, step venturing, moving, ball games, workout, paddling, and water running. The 3476 members practiced three to five days per week for a middle term of forty five minutes per day. A few of the examinations contrasted practice with diet either alone or in mix with work out. The outcomes uncovered that activity alone prompted negligible weight reduction, however when joined with diet delivered critical weight decrease. In addition, looking at the forces of the different kinds of activity exercises, it was discovered that both high and low power practices were related with weight reduction. In any case, high power incited just marginally more weight decrease than low force, however when the

Discipline and Corporal Punishment

Flogging by definition is the intentional punishment of physical agony as an arrangement of evolving conduct. Beating may comprise of techniques, for example, shaking, squeezing, kicking, punching, slapping, hitting, excruciating body stance, or utilization of various articles, for example, sticks, belts and oars (National Association of School Nurses, 2002, p. 1). Before, beating was a method of restraining youth and youngsters in the school setting.At present, a few States in America have authorized enactment prohibiting whipping in schools. Then again flogging has been an acknowledged method of censure that few guardians decide to coordinate into their lives without giving a cautious thought. The method of discipline can begin whenever yet is by and large started inside the beginning of the child’s grade school (Mathews, 2006, p. 1). The physical curses can be endured right until the young person develops mature enough to leave or be independent.This kind of adjustment is s imply torment, which has been utilized for a considerable length of time is as yet a startling and upsetting frequency in a few families today. Dr. Murray Straus of the University of New Hampshire Family Research Laboratory uncovered that whipping: when routinely forced to kids it expands their solitary conduct, for example, harassing, cheating, taking, lying, ambushing companions or kin, and absence of contrition for incorrect doings (The Center for Effective Discipline, n.d. ); gives as a model to vicious conduct and for ill-advised methods of managing difference among the rebuffed kids; disintegrates trust between a kid and parent; and seriously impacts subjective improvement of the youngster. Whipping isn't alluring for the explanation that it expands the danger of kid misuse and grown-ups who were regularly hit during their adolescence are probably going to encounter wretchedness and other unconstructive psychological wellness and social effects.This type of discipline can nega tively affect the influenced kids as it identifies with their physical and mental development and wellbeing, as they are at a time of delicate mental limit. At long last, beating isn't attractive in light of the fact that kids are qualified for security, care and great raising from their folks and educators. Grown-ups ought to comprehend the essentialness of perceiving restorative order rather than by and large inconvenience of whipping in training children.Because children’s capacity to control their own conduct is constrained, remedial order is a significant attribute of sufficient child rearing for the explanation that it produces the best preventive advances, which is lessening the event of offense, and not dispensing with it (Straus, Fauchier, 2007, p. 5). Remedial order consolidates positive notwithstanding disciplinary practices, and mixes of the two. Decision Corporal discipline has a solid chance to impact the child’s mental self view and add to savage and tro ublesome behaviours.However, the training stays a normally utilized strategy for discipline in most American families is as yet legitimate in instructive organizations in a few States in America. The advancement of social abilities after the curse of flogging might be seriously changed, prompting hawkish practices. The inconvenience of beating additionally progresses the message that pitilessness is a satisfactory type of conduct in the general public. Obviously, whipping isn't alluring and compelling in upholding discipline among youngsters.

Music Exam Questions Baroque Era Flashcard

Music Exam Questions: Baroque Era

Shouldice Hospital

Question 1. How effective is the Shouldice Hospital? Create a P&L explanation utilizing accessible data from the case. Treat every one of the two activities †emergency clinic and the medical procedure †independently Compared to other clinical foundations that give a wide cluster of clinical strategies, Shouldice Hospital spends significant time in one methodology for patients that experience the ill effects of stomach hernias. This specialization permits each specialist at Shouldice Hospital to perform roughly 600 hernia medical procedures for each year, while specialists at different establishments just perform 25-50 hernia medical procedures for every year.As an outcome, the â€Å"Shouldice Method† has been culminated to an unrivaled level for the prosperity of the patient. The run of the mill Shouldice quiet just experience s 5 days of required recuperation time after their medical procedure, while hernia patients from different organizations ordinarily experi ence 10 days of recuperation time. This sped up recuperation time is because of the degree of dynamic physical restoration that Shouldice Hospital anticipates from their patients.Walking and associating with others is normal, and Shouldice Hospital has demonstrated that these activities fundamentally help in the mending procedure because of the improvement of the positive mental disposition of the patient. The specialization in one specific methodology just as the multi day recuperation time permits Shouldice Hospital to offer their surgery at a lower cost than different establishments. This is on the grounds that Shouldice Hospital has lower overhead expenses related with work and has less interests in capital uses since they don't have the wide cluster of hardware and gear that you may see at a regular institution.This investment funds is passed along to the patient, as Shouldice strategies ordinarily cost $954 ($111 * 4 days + $450 + $60) while different foundations normally char ge $2,000 to $4,000 for a similar method. Furthermore, the very low turnover rate a Shouldice Hospital shows that this foundation isn't just a triumph for the patient, yet additionally to the emergency clinic staff. This degree of commitment among the clinical staff benefits both the medical clinic just as the patients, since prepared experts are held inside the institution.In return for their expert assistance the emergency clinic gives their representatives an extraordinary work/life balance just as money related compensations as rewards and benefit sharing projects. Ultimately, Shouldice Hospital finishes hernia medical procedures with a lower repeat rate than customary emergency clinics. Because of their specialization in this field of medical procedure, patients experience difficulties and require follow-up arrangements under 1% of the time, while conventional clinics in the United States regularly observed around a 10% reoccurrence rate.This is an incredible case of how Should ice Hospital is a pioneer in their field and the 99% achievement rate is an extraordinary marker of the general accomplishment of the association. Kindly observe underneath for the P&L articulations for the Hospital and Clinic Operations: Question 2. How would you represent its fruitful execution? The Shouldice Hospital values exceeding expectations at the hernia with exceptional outcomes in patients, while giving consideration at a low cost, working at a low expenses, and accomplishing high benefits. By dissecting the patients, the staff, and the administration conveyance framework, one could watch the variables to this hospital’s success.First, the emergency clinic embraces a severe and extensive patient screening framework that limits the hazard to the medical clinic. Surveys are sent to potential patients and the medical clinic utilizes the reactions to decide the hazard level related, in this way permitting the emergency clinic to appropriately envision and relieve p redicted chances or maintain a strategic distance from them as a rule, as on account of inward hernias or overweight issues, which would be dismissed before permission. Another factor to progress lies in the patients themselves. Patients are urged to be dynamic, agreeable, and independent to a limited degree so as to accelerate recovery.This helps in decreasing the degree of oversight required from the medical caretakers and furthermore improves turnover. Moreover, the activity technique is world-class since it gives a progressively fortified muscle divider in the stomach area and furthermore the evasion of general sedative except if totally required. This permits the patients to recoup sooner and to encounter less distress or queasiness that is frequently connected with the result of general sedative, which in this way lets the patients to be dynamic sooner too; likewise, the constrained use ofgeneral sedative decreases the need to staff more anesthetists, who are costly at a pace of $300/day, and furthermore lessens the expense of activity for the patients. At the point when patients are progressively independent in the recuperation procedure, less oversight from the staff is required and the staff is opened up from everyday assignments, for example, washing bed covers or changing bedpans yet could concentrate additional time on guiding the patients to enable them to recoup. This additionally prompts lower cost in clothing, housekeeping, and nursing.When costs are kept low and all around kept up, pay rates offered to staff can be more serious than tantamount employments in the zone. At the point when representatives are appropriately redressed, they could concentrate on the jobs needing to be done and not need to stress over budgetary issues or leaving the medical clinic to search for more lucrative positions. Besides, another factor to the hospital’s achievement is the specialists they recruit. The specialists are profoundly beneficial and can perfor m at least 600 activities every year, while a commonplace specialist somewhere else midpoints around 25 to 50 operations.They are additionally ready to share a costly asset, which is the anesthetist, to help lighten the expense of activity. Finally, the specialists experience low turnover, as do the attendants, since they are offered chances to learn and enhance their abilities by means of preparing in the Shouldice method. Notwithstanding the advantage of low turnover, appropriate preparing and ceaseless improvement takes into consideration normalization of the strategy for activity and limits imperfections or deformities. In conclusion, the achievement of the medical clinic is credited to the office and the way of life it fosters.The emergency clinic supports collaboration between staff individuals and patients. Clinic staff is urged to eat together in the lounge area and get their dinners from the kitchen; medical clinic executive is prepared to be multi-useful and can contribute to support one and other during top occasions. To empower collaboration and movement among the patients, the clinic offers sections of land of nurseries, utilizes covering to maintain a strategic distance from the regular smell of disinfectant, alters the flights of stairs to permit the patients to have the option to ascend after activities, and spots diversion in a typical space to urge patients to stroll around and socialize.These factors help give an elevating, steady condition that prompts glad staff and more advantageous patients. Question 3. Set up a Process Flow Diagram from appearance through medical procedure and decide the limits at each stage. For this outline, just show significant focuses simultaneously, e. g. , conceding, assessment, working room, medical procedures, and so forth. Utilize the genuine long periods of activity for each progression in the process to decide the limit of each progression. What is the bottleneck?Based on the computations beneath, the access ible beds for patients is the present bottleneck for the hernia activity process. This part of the procedure would be the bottleneck if just the 89 beds were used and furthermore if the 14 medical clinic beds were additionally used. Question 4. Do a nitty gritty examination of potential on location limit extension choices (on an every week premise). Accept a normal of 3. 5 days remain at the medical clinic for every patient, including medical procedure, and Sunday Admits. This implies a large portion of the patients go through three days while the other half burns through four days.Assumption: $450 careful charge/understanding; 20% of patients get general sedatives; 3. 5 days avg remain; 50 work weeks for each yr a. Current Situation (103 beds = 89 beds + 14 lodging rooms) Current Theoretical Capacity = 148 patients/week Current Average Throughput = 6,850 opeartions/50 weeks = 137 patients/week b. Include 45 additional beds (no requirement for utilizing 14 lodging rooms) †¢New Theoretical Capacity= 191 patients/week oThe new option would increment hypothetical limit by 29% from 148 to 191 patients/week.†¢New Average Throughput = (137 * 191)/148 = 177 patients/week †¢New throughput †Current throughput = 177 patients/week †137 patients/week = +40 patients/week †¢# of extra patients every year = 40 patients/week * 50 weeks = 2,000 patients for each year †¢Additional income every year = 2,000 additional patients * ($450 careful expenses/tolerant + 20% of patients accepting $75 general sedative) = 2000 * (450 + . 2 * 75) = $930,000 Pro: Additional limit welcomes rate of return of around 46% ($930,000/$2MM speculation), I. e. productive and sound investment.Cons: With the extra limit, the medical clinic may need to make booking changes, for example, expanding the 5 days/week planning w/each specialist, and the attendants probably won't have the option to spend as much one-on-one time with patients as they had used to, which conflic ts with their reputation in growing great relational connections w/the patients. Besides, they would need to expand general working costs to cover expanded number of patients, for example, more kitchen staff, additionally housekeeping staff, and so forth c. Timetable Saturday Operations (would need to utilize 14 inn rooms to accomodate)†¢New Theoretical Capacity= 177 patients/week oThe new expansion would increment hypothetical limit by 20% from 148 to 177 patients/week. †¢New Average Throughput = (137 * 177)/148 = 164 patients/week †¢New throughput †Current throughput = 164 patients/week †137 patients/week = +27 patients/week †¢# of extra patients every year = 27 patient

Effects of Stress on the Body Essay - 825 Words

Effects of Stress on the Body (Essay Sample) Content: Name:Tutor:Course:Date:Effects of Stress on the BodyThe mind and the body are linked making psychological health as important as the physical health. Stress is a part of normal daily living and one of the largest problems affecting the physical and mental health of a person. Life changes such as marriage, sickness, and work responsibilities place considerable demands on the body requiring it to adapt accordingly (APUS). Such demands cause stress on the individuals affecting their functioning either positively or negatively depending on how they handle it. Stress has both negative and positive effects on the body, but the negatives outweigh the positives and can contribute to decreased health and well-being if not well managed. This paper discusses the cause and effects of stress on the body.Stress refers to the physical and mental reactions of the body to the demands placed on it by the external environment (APUS). Stress is a part of daily living depending on someone à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s perception of a situation. Different people experience stress in various ways and for different reasons. However, contrary to popular belief, stress is not always bad. Some stress known as eustress is good and arises in situations in motivating situations to stimulate people to act and function optimally (Seaward 9). For instance, stress caused by an examination causes students to study to perform well. However, at times excess pressure known as distress is overwhelming and prevents the accomplishment of tasks (Seaward 9). It occurs when a personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s ability to cope with the demands placed on him/her crumbles leading to burnout that prevents task completion.Stress occurs as a result of pressures beyond oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s control. A common cause of stress is pressure to succeed in life leading to the setting of unrealistically high expectations (APUS). For example, studentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ desires to pass their exams may increase their academic demands which if not well managed can cause stress. Scrambling to get the best jobs can also place significant stress on a person. Other common stressors are life altering and traumatic changes that are beyond the control of an individual (Green 17). The inability to cope with situations such as the death of a loved one, losing a job, diseases, divorce, accidents and natural calamities can lead to stress. Social demands such as being a parent or caregiver can also contribute to stress. Identifying these stressors is the first step for a person to managing stress efficiently and minimizing adverse its reactions.People respond differently to various stress levels. Positive stress motivates people to work towards the achievement of a particular task. Distress stimulates feelings such as anxiety, fear, irritability, and depression (Seaward 214). People change their behavior in response to stress. Some people may cry, become aggressive, indulge in smoking, alcohol, and drug abuse, and refuse to eat or live in iso lation. Others become mentally ill, disorganized, confused and disoriented (APUS). Additionally, people with reduced stress coping mechanisms may develop suicidal thoughts and try to take their life to escape from the stressful event (Seaward 4). Additionally, stressed people may have a poor memory, low self-esteem, reduced attention span and lack motivation to work. These responses are dependent on an individual's ability to manage the stress.The body reacts to stress through the "fight or flight" response to escape danger (Seaward 7). Both fight or flight responses require the same physical reactions. The body releases the adrenaline and cortisol hormones that function to increase the heart and breathing rates, increase blood pressure and glucose in the blood in preparation for physical activity. It leads to high blood pressure, muscle tension, and heart problems such as palpitations and abnormal heart rhythms (Seaward 8). Stress causes changes in breathing leading to hyperventila tion and breathlessness. It also affects the blood flow to the skin leading to sweating and clammy hands. Stress affects the brain leading to altered sleep patterns, headaches, dizziness, and fatigue (APUS). Additionally, the process of digestion is slowed leading to reduced absorption of nutrients leading to weight loss and low immunity.There are various ways to ease stress. Breathing exercises help one to relax and eliminate unnecessary tension during a stressful event (Seaward 361). Sharing the stressing event with other people may relieve the stress and enable one to cope with the demands. Socialization and expressing oneself reduces loneliness that propagates the stress (APUS). Some people also cry or sleep to ease stress. Physical exercise has been shown to help someone to refocus and rejuvenate during a stress moments. Learning t... Effects of Stress on the Body Essay - 825 Words Effects of Stress on the Body (Essay Sample) Content: Name:Tutor:Course:Date:Effects of Stress on the BodyThe mind and the body are linked making psychological health as important as the physical health. Stress is a part of normal daily living and one of the largest problems affecting the physical and mental health of a person. Life changes such as marriage, sickness, and work responsibilities place considerable demands on the body requiring it to adapt accordingly (APUS). Such demands cause stress on the individuals affecting their functioning either positively or negatively depending on how they handle it. Stress has both negative and positive effects on the body, but the negatives outweigh the positives and can contribute to decreased health and well-being if not well managed. This paper discusses the cause and effects of stress on the body.Stress refers to the physical and mental reactions of the body to the demands placed on it by the external environment (APUS). Stress is a part of daily living depending on someone à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s perception of a situation. Different people experience stress in various ways and for different reasons. However, contrary to popular belief, stress is not always bad. Some stress known as eustress is good and arises in situations in motivating situations to stimulate people to act and function optimally (Seaward 9). For instance, stress caused by an examination causes students to study to perform well. However, at times excess pressure known as distress is overwhelming and prevents the accomplishment of tasks (Seaward 9). It occurs when a personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s ability to cope with the demands placed on him/her crumbles leading to burnout that prevents task completion.Stress occurs as a result of pressures beyond oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s control. A common cause of stress is pressure to succeed in life leading to the setting of unrealistically high expectations (APUS). For example, studentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ desires to pass their exams may increase their academic demands which if not well managed can cause stress. Scrambling to get the best jobs can also place significant stress on a person. Other common stressors are life altering and traumatic changes that are beyond the control of an individual (Green 17). The inability to cope with situations such as the death of a loved one, losing a job, diseases, divorce, accidents and natural calamities can lead to stress. Social demands such as being a parent or caregiver can also contribute to stress. Identifying these stressors is the first step for a person to managing stress efficiently and minimizing adverse its reactions.People respond differently to various stress levels. Positive stress motivates people to work towards the achievement of a particular task. Distress stimulates feelings such as anxiety, fear, irritability, and depression (Seaward 214). People change their behavior in response to stress. Some people may cry, become aggressive, indulge in smoking, alcohol, and drug abuse, and refuse to eat or live in iso lation. Others become mentally ill, disorganized, confused and disoriented (APUS). Additionally, people with reduced stress coping mechanisms may develop suicidal thoughts and try to take their life to escape from the stressful event (Seaward 4). Additionally, stressed people may have a poor memory, low self-esteem, reduced attention span and lack motivation to work. These responses are dependent on an individual's ability to manage the stress.The body reacts to stress through the "fight or flight" response to escape danger (Seaward 7). Both fight or flight responses require the same physical reactions. The body releases the adrenaline and cortisol hormones that function to increase the heart and breathing rates, increase blood pressure and glucose in the blood in preparation for physical activity. It leads to high blood pressure, muscle tension, and heart problems such as palpitations and abnormal heart rhythms (Seaward 8). Stress causes changes in breathing leading to hyperventila tion and breathlessness. It also affects the blood flow to the skin leading to sweating and clammy hands. Stress affects the brain leading to altered sleep patterns, headaches, dizziness, and fatigue (APUS). Additionally, the process of digestion is slowed leading to reduced absorption of nutrients leading to weight loss and low immunity.There are various ways to ease stress. Breathing exercises help one to relax and eliminate unnecessary tension during a stressful event (Seaward 361). Sharing the stressing event with other people may relieve the stress and enable one to cope with the demands. Socialization and expressing oneself reduces loneliness that propagates the stress (APUS). Some people also cry or sleep to ease stress. Physical exercise has been shown to help someone to refocus and rejuvenate during a stress moments. Learning t...

A Feminist Approach on Jane Eyre - Free Essay Example

As a young boy, I couldnt wait to explore the aisles at Toys R Us. I would wait patiently at home for my parents, daydreaming about the latest releases. In the aisle designated for boys, all the toys were action-oriented: Superman flaunted his strength, Hulk flexed his abnormally enormous biceps, and Nerf guns were filled with plastic bullets. This was only true for one half of the store. On the other side of Toys R Us, the area was designated for girls. Girls had beauty-oriented and homemaking items, like an Easy-Bake Oven or an unnaturally slim Barbie doll. Both these areas were noticeably distinct with their segregated boys toys from girls toys and each seemed to have a not-so-subtle gender message: boys were expected to become strong courageous men while girls must be prepared to take on housekeeping duties. For centuries, these messages of the societal expectations based on gender have been established by numerous texts and films. Under the male pseudonym Currer Bell, Charlotte Bronts novel, Jane Eyre revolves around the strong female protagonist, Jane Eyre. As a female writer living in Victorian England, where women writers were unspoken of, Bront challenges her eras norm by creating a masterpiece with one of the most iconic female characters of all time. Throughout the novel, Jane develops relationships with promine nt male figures, Edward Rochester and St. John Rivers, highlighting the stark contrasts between the roles females and males had. Despite her attempts to preserve her identity and freedom by refusing to submit to patriarchal powers, both Rochester and St. John constantly attempt to sway Jane away from her pro-feminist desires with their ideas of androcentrism. Although Bront attempts to give readers a glimpse of gender equality between Jane and her male counterparts, there are still many sexist undertones throughout the novel highlighting the demoralizing power dynamics men believed to be entitled to over women. After departing Thornfield, Jane is taken in by St. John Rivers, the patriarchal head of the Moor House. Due to his calm and ordinary life, St. John yearns to pursue adventure through missionary work in India. Fearing the judgemental eyes of society, he desires a wife with good character to accompany him on his voyage, prompting him to ask Jane for her hand in marriage. She refuses his proposal, to which he responds with endless attempts to persuade her otherwise. While trying to convince her, St. John uses condescending language to objectify her as a tool for his personal gain. God and nature intended you for a missionarys wife. It is not personal, but mental endowments they have given you: you are formed for labour, not love. A m issionarys wife you must-shall be. You shall be mine. I claim you not for my pleasure, but for my sovereign service (Bront 437). By demanding a marriage using religion, he condemns Jane for her audacity to not comply and stay independent. St. John ruthlessly declares ownership of her and acts as if she has an obligation to submit. Similarly, this toxic masculinity is shown in Gabrielle-Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuves Beauty and the Beast. The premise of the fairy tale begins with the Beast capturing the Beautys father for trespassing and ordering for one of his daughters in exchange for his freedom, essentially dehumanizing the value of a womans life over a man by using the Beautys life as an object to be bartered with. When Beauty arrives at the Beasts castle, she saluted him respectfully (Villeneuve 11) and demonstrated obedience to which he responds with, I am pleased with you (Villeneuve 12). During her time in the castle, she dreams of her father guiding her to reward him [the Be ast] by doing what he wishes, in spite of his ugliness (Villeneuve 22). The lack of focus on the Beasts enchanted curse throughout the story causes readers to concentrate on Beautys compliance towards his needs. Her outright servility is one that both hyper-masculine male figures expect from women. In addition, both St. John and the Beast get rejected by their respective female love interests. But their egotistical mindsets prompt them to continue on with their pursuit in a marriage regardless of what their female counterparts say. Both men use the fact that they are males to constantly berate women and coerce them into believing that a marriage with each of the men would eventually lead to a much improved life. St. Johns persistence and determination to take Jane to India as his wife almost sways her into accepting his proposal. While debating what she should do, Jane hears Rochesters voice out of thin air calling her name and becomes eager to find out where he is. She begins her lengthy journey back to Thornfield only to find out that Rochester is blin ded by a fire and has moved to Ferndean. After eventually meeting up with him and telling her story about her experience at the Moor House, both Rochester and Jane decide to get married. When Rochester worries that Jane would find it unpleasant to deal with his blindness, Jane responds, I love you better now, when I can really be useful to you, than I did in your state of proud independence (Bront 485). The novel concludes with Jane finding peace and joy while having Rochester by her side: My Edward and I, then, are happy (Bront 492). Although some may view Jane as brave and independent for returning to Rochester on her free will, the ending certainly signifies something much more and different. The ending conveys to readers that Jane can only be satisfied with her life once she finds a man by her side to which she can be useful for. Janes hardships and the happy ending mirrors the Grimm Brothers Cinderella. Cinderellas stepsisters desperately fight to fit the golden shoe in hopes o f becoming the princes bride, resulting in bloodshed. The girl sliced off a piece of her heel, forced her foot into the shoe, gritted her teeth, and went out to meet the prince (Grimm 121) shows how desperate the girls were to marry the prince. He notices that the shoe doesnt quite fit the stepsisters and instead, discovers the perfect match with Cinderellas foot. The damsel in distress, Cinderella, who faces extreme mistreatment from her family is magically swept off her feet by a handsome prince and is saved from a lifetime of poverty and abuse. The story ends with her living happily ever after with a marriage to the prince all because of her foot fitting into a shoe. Jane Eyre and Cinderella share a multitude of resemblances, the most striking of all, the parallel endings in which a heroine finds her happy ending because of a man. Both endings emphasize the sexist notion that in order for women to have a happy life, they must wait until they find a male figure to rescue them from their tumultuous lives. 171 years later after the publication of Jane Eyre, the sexist boundaries and expectations that Bront emphasizes in her novel remain present in todays society. We still experience drastic inequalities between males and females, from toy stores confining boys and girls to blue and pink bubbles to novels conveying how a womans life should be played out. In Jane Eyre, Jane refuses to be married off to various men in hopes of preserving her individuality and morality. However, she inevitably ends up with Rochester, a man to fulf ill her desires and needs, illustrating to readers how women are destined to have a man by their side in order to be content with life. By the end of the novel, we see Jane grow, mature, and eventually become stronger and stronger, yet even she cant escape the traditional happily ever after with a husband by her side. Time and time again, we see this conventional plot and ending in Cinderella, Beauty and the Beast, Jane Eyre, and countless other fairy tales, but what implications can this have on young children? In a 2004 study from Arizona State University and New York University, researchers described children as gender detectives who seek out information about the differences between girls and boys, attempt to draw inferences about gender and then apply their conclusions to themselves (Samakow). Therefore, any indications or hints that children can pick up through books and media can heavily influence the way kids view themselves. Books such as Jane Eyre and Disney princess movies can steer children to think in a certain sexist mindset, infusing a standard that men are always superior to women. When I read Jane Ey re, I found myself cheering Jane on to stand up for herself and make decisions based on her best interest, but the ending of the book was quite disappointing in that she ultimately confines herself to the societal standards of marrying a man to complete her life. For this novel to truly be a pro-feminist novel that demonstrates how capable women are, Jane should have found joy within herself by expressing the importance of being independent and realizing that women do not need a man to have a happily ever after.

The Evolution How 3g to 4g Technologies - 2287 Words

University of Technology, Sydney 32702 Contemporary Telecommunications The evolution how 3G to 4G technologies Ming H. Zhao (10810164) University of Technology, Sydney minghui.zhao@student.uts.edu.au Lecturer: Gay Valerie 13th September, 2010 1. Introduction Since contemporary communication came into daily life, people always keep seeking unrestricted communication at all time. Mobile telecommunication satisfied peoples demand with the first generation (1G) and the second generation (2G). In the wake of development in multimedia and internet, most of telecommunication mobile networks operators have offered the third generation (3G) to the customers to replace 2G over the past two years. Currently, many ICT professionals and research†¦show more content†¦The core technology of 4G is orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) which belongs to Multi-Carrier Modulation (MCM). It divides assigned channel into orthogonal sub channels, modulating and transmitting on each sub channel of narrowband (Aceà ±a 2005). 3.2 Telecommunication system structure 3G is based on cellular network (shown in Figure 1), the core network of 3G is developed from GSM-MAP, AMPS and ANSI-41 which is the core network of GSM, the air in terface and the corresponding system is backward 2G compatibility (Luo et al. 2003). GSM-MAP SC-FDD Air interface ANSI-41 SC-FDD TDD FDD Figure 1: 3G system 2 | Page Ming H. Zhao 10810164 University of Technology, Sydney 32702 Contemporary Telecommunications But contemporary communication requires to provide mobile user multimedia service over broadband to enable full function of next generation mobile network based on internet technology. As the 3G core network evolved from the 2G, it is not the optimal system that processing Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP / IP) packets. 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